Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TIPE2 serves as a favorable prognostic biomarker and suppresses cholangiocarcinoma progression by targeting RAC1-mediated integrin αvβ6 trafficking

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37540-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression and clinicopathological significance of TIPE2 in cholangiocarcinoma. ( A ) Representative IHC staining of TIPE2 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues (× 200); LNM-: lymph node metastasis negative, LNM + : lymph node metastasis positive. ( B ) IHC sum scores were used to evaluate TIPE2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues. ( C ) IHC sum scores were used to access TIPE2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma tissues with or without lymph node metastasis. ( D , E) TIPE2 IHC sum scores in different stages of cholangiocarcinoma. ( F – H ) ROC curves were established to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of TIPE2 in cholangiocarcinoma. ( F ) Tumor tissues v.s. normal tissues; ( G ) Tumor tissues without lymph node metastasis v.s. tumor tissues with lymph node metastasis; ( H ) Tumor tissues with different TNM stage. ( I ) Survival analysis according to TIPE2 expression in the cohort of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The sections were incubated with the blocking goat serum for 15 min and then immunostained with rabbit antibody against TIPE2 (dilution 1:300, BOSTER, China) at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TIPE2 serves as a favorable prognostic biomarker and suppresses cholangiocarcinoma progression by targeting RAC1-mediated integrin αvβ6 trafficking

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37540-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: TIPE2 suppresses the malignant behaviors of cholangiocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. ( A ) The expression of TIPE2 were detected after TIPE2 silencing or overexpression using RT-PCR. ( B ) CCK-8 assays were performed following TIPE2 silencing in RBE and QBC939 cells. ( C ) CCK-8 assays were performed following TIPE2 overexpression in RBE and QBC939 cells. ( D ) Trans-well migration and invasion assays were conducted after TIPE2 silencing in RBE cells. ( E ) Trans-well migration and invasion assays were conducted after TIPE2 silencing in QBC393 cells. ( F ) Trans-well migration and invasion assays were conducted after TIPE2 overexpression in RBE cells. ( G ) Trans-well migration and invasion assays were conducted after TIPE2 overexpression in QBC939 cells. ( H ) Tumor growth curves in the subcutaneous xenograft model for the TIPE2-OE group and the MOCK group. ( I ) Representative pictures of xenograft subcutaneous tumors in the TIPE2-OE group and the MOCK group. (bar = 1 cm). ( J ) Tumor volumes in the TIPE2 group and the MOCK group. ( K ) Tumor weights in different groups. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The sections were incubated with the blocking goat serum for 15 min and then immunostained with rabbit antibody against TIPE2 (dilution 1:300, BOSTER, China) at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Expressing, Over Expression, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, CCK-8 Assay, Migration

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TIPE2 serves as a favorable prognostic biomarker and suppresses cholangiocarcinoma progression by targeting RAC1-mediated integrin αvβ6 trafficking

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37540-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: RAC1 was involved in the trafficking of integrin αvβ6. ( A ) Internalization assays were conducted in RBE and QBC939 cells after TIPE2 overexpression. ( B ) Recycling assays were conducted in RBE and QBC939 cells following TIPE2 overexpression. ( C ) Internalization assays were conducted in RBE and QBC939 cells that has been pre-treated with NSC23766. ( D ) Recycling assays were conducted in RBE and QBC939 cells that has been pre-treated with NSC23766. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The sections were incubated with the blocking goat serum for 15 min and then immunostained with rabbit antibody against TIPE2 (dilution 1:300, BOSTER, China) at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Over Expression

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: TIPE2 serves as a favorable prognostic biomarker and suppresses cholangiocarcinoma progression by targeting RAC1-mediated integrin αvβ6 trafficking

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-37540-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: TIPE2 targeted RAC1 and suppressed the trafficking of integrin αvβ6. ( A ) Total view of the interaction between the integrin β6 (cyan) and RAC1 (green). ( B ) Detailed view of the interaction between the integrin β6 (cyan) and RAC1 (green). ( C ) Total view of the interaction between the TIPE2 (rose red) and the integrin β6 (cyan). ( D ) Detailed view of the interaction between the TIPE2 (rose red) and the integrin β6 (cyan). ( E ) CCK-8 assays were carried out in cholangiocarcinoma cells transfected with either the TIPE2 overexpression plasmid or the Mutant plasmid. ( F ) Trans-well migration assays were carried out in cholangiocarcinoma cells transfected with either the TIPE2 overexpression plasmid or the Mutant plasmid. ( G ) Trans-well invasion assays were carried out in cholangiocarcinoma cells transfected with either a TIPE2 overexpression plasmid or a Mutant plasmid. ( H ) CCK-8 assays were carried out after TIPE2 overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma cells with or without NSC23766 pre-treatment. ( I ) Trans-well migration assays were carried out after TIPE2 overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma cells with or without NSC23766 pre-treatment. ( J ) Trans-well invasion assays were carried out after TIPE2 overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma cells with or without NSC23766 pre-treatment. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The sections were incubated with the blocking goat serum for 15 min and then immunostained with rabbit antibody against TIPE2 (dilution 1:300, BOSTER, China) at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Mutagenesis, Migration